Short Questions +Long 2nd year chemistry ch# 1;2;3;4;5;6

Chapter # 1      Periodic Classification of Elements and Periodicity           F.Sc  2nd Year Chemistry
Short Questions:
1.state Mendeleev’s law? Or what are the improvements made in Mendeleev’s table?
2.describe the essential features of period no. 6 of modern  periodic table?
3. Write down the classification of 5th, 6th and 7th period.
4. Zn, Cd, Hg were placed with alkaline earth metals in Mendeleev’s periodic table. How this confusion can be removed?
5. Discuss the classification of periodic table on the basis of metallic and non-metallic character.
6. what is Lanthanide contraction?
7. Why Cationic radius is smaller than neutral atom?
8. Why 2nd and 3rd values of Ionization energy is higher than 1st Ionization Energy.
9. Why Nobel Gases have highest values of Ionization Energy.
10. Write the trends of ionization energy in periods & groups pf periodic table.
11. Why 2nd value of electron affinity is positive?
12. Why Metallic character increases down the group.
13. Why Nitrogen, Phosphorous, are non metals and Arsenic ,Antimony are metals.
14. The M.P & B.P of the elements increases from left to right up to the middle and decrease onwards why?
15. Oxidation state of Nobel Gases is zero. why?
16. Diamond is non conductor of electricity while Graphite is fairly conductor. why?
17. Define hydration energy. Why different ions with same charge have different hydration energy.
18. Hydration energy of the ions are in following order. Al+3>Mg+2>Na+.Justify.
19. What are Polymeric halides?
20. Why PbCl2 is Ionic and PbCl4is covalent in nature?
21. What are amphoteric oxides?
22. BeO is amphoteric oxide. Justify.
23. write similarities or dissimilarities of Hydrogen with different groups.
24. what are acidic or basic oxides?
25. What is the Law of octaves?
    
                                                                 Long Questions
  1. Write a  note on modern periodic table.
  2. Position of Hydrogen
  3. Halides, Oxides, Hydrides.

           







                                                                                                                                                                             
Chapter # 2                                S-Block Elements                   F.Sc  2nd Year Chemistry
Short Questions:
1.what are alkali and alkaline earth metals?
2. write the formula of dolomite and carnallite.
3. write the reaction of alkali metals with oxygen.
4. write reaction how Mg, Ca react with N2 to give nitrides which on hydrolysis give ammonia.
5. What is milk of magnesia and lime water?
6. Give the reactions of BeO with acid and Base.
7. why aqueous solution of Na2CO3 is alkaline?
8. why lime water turns milky with CO2 but becomes clear with excess.
9. Name soluble sulphate of alkaline earth metal.
10. write the advantages of down’s cell.
11. Draw the labeled diagram of Nelson cell.
12. write the problems facing in diaphragm cell. Also write their solution.
13. what is the role of Gypsum in Agriculture?
14. what do you ment by dead burnt.
15. what is cement plaster and hard finish plaster?
16. what is the role of Gypsum in cement industry?
17. what is the role of lime in Agriculture?
18. write the functions of Ca in Plants growth.
19.  write the uses of lime in industries.
20. what is lime mortar? How It can be prepared.
                                               Long Questions:
  1. Commercial preparation of sodium Hydroxide By Diaphram.
  2. Commercial preparation of Sodium by Down’s Cell.
  3. General trends in chemical properties of Alkali and Alkaline Earth metal.
  4. Peculiar Behaviour of Lithium.



CHAPTER# 3
Group III A and IV A Elements
  1. Write common minerals of B, Al, Si, C?
  2. What is the peculiar behavior of boron?
  3. Aqueous solution of Borax is alkaline in nature? Justify.
  4. What is the action of aqueous solution of borax on litmus?
  5. What is Borax bead test? Write its chemistry.
  6. Which basic radical give response to borax bead test?
  7. Write name and formula of different acids of B?
  8. Why Al is not found in free element?
  9. How aluminum react with (i) Halogen (ii) Acids (iii) Sulphuric acid (iv) Sodium Hydroxide
  10. What are uses of Aluminum?
  11. Define the inert pair?
  12. CO2 is acidic in nature write explanation?
  13. Write the peculiar behavior of Carbon?
  14. Why CO2 is gas and SiO2 is Solid at room. Temperature?
  15. What are Quartz?
  16. What is vitreous silica?
  17. What are the properties of vitreous silica?
  18. What are silicates? Write its two uses.
  19. What is ment by chemical garden? How it is prepared?
  20. How weathering of feldspar takes place? Explain with the help of chemical equation?
  21. What is Talc or Soap stone?
  22. What is Asbestos?
  23. What are silicones? Give two uses.
  24. Which compound is used for lubricant?
  25. What are semiconductors?
  26. What is the effect of temperature on semiconductor?
  27. What is the difference between conductor and semiconductor?
  28. What is the importance of lead oxide in paints?
  29. What is white lead?





Chapter No.4
Group V-A & Group VI-A Elements
  1. Why phosphorous shows 3 and 5 valency?
  2. Write the peculiar behavior of Nitrogen.
  3. What is Laughing Gas?
  4. What is Ring Test?
  5. Write the Properties of N2O, NO, NO2 ?
  6. Write behavior of NO 2 with water in different air Conditions.
  7. How does HNO2 act as reducing agent and oxidizing agent?
  8. Nitrous acid decolorized to acidifies KMNO4 and Br2 water. Give reactions.
  9. Write the preparation of Nitric acid by Brick land and Eyde’s Process. (reactions & flow sheet diagram)
  10. What is ment by fuming Nitric Acid?
  11. Write down reaction of Nitric acid with (i) As  (ii) Sb   
  12. What is the effect of dilute and Concentrated HNO3 on Cu?
  13. How Nitric acid is used to prepare explosives?         
  14. Why does aqua Regia dissolved Gold and Platinum?
  15. Write the uses of Nitric acid?
  16. Write allotropic forms of Phosphorus.
  17. Write methods of preparations of PCl 3 and PCl5 ?
  18. P2O5 is powerful dehydrating agent give one example.
  19. Phosphoric acid is tribasic acid write reactions?
  20. What is the effect of heat on Orth phosphorous acid?
  21. Why the group VI-A elements except oxygen shows more than two oxidation states?
  22. Write the comparison between oxygen and sulphur?
  23. What is oil of vitriol?
  24. Why SO3 dissolved in H2SO4 but not in H2O in contact Process?
  25. Physical properties of Sulphuric acid?
  26. Write reactions in which Sulphuric acid oxidizes carbon and Sulphur?
  27. Write properties of Sulphuric acid as Reducing agents.
  28. Sulphuric acid act as dehydrating agent explain with reactions.
  29. Write Uses of Sulphuric acid.










Chapter #5
Halogens and Nobel Gases
1.    Write-down peculiar behavior of fluorine?
2.    What are the factors which effects the oxidizing power of Element?
3.    Why HF is weaker acid then HCl?
4.    Explain the Structure and reactivity of Fluorine?
5.    Discuss the preparation and uses of Oxides of Chlorine?
6.    What are Disproportionation Reactions?
7.    Why HClO4 is stronger acid than HBrO4 and HIO4?
8.    HXO4 is stronger acid explain?
9.    What is the effects of oxidation states of Halogen on the properties of oxyacid’s of halogens?
10.  Write down the reactions of Beckman method for manufacturing of bleaching powder?
11.  What is ment by available Chlorine and How it is Calculated?
12.  Write uses of Bleaching Powder.
13.  Write down uses of Halogens.
14.  Why iodine shows metallic luster?
15.  What are Nobel gases?
16.  Why Nobel gases are inert?
17.  Write down four uses of Nobel gases?
18.  Why solubility of Nobel gases in water increases down the group?
19.       What type of compounds are formed by Nobel gases?













Chapter #6
Transition Elements
1.      What are transition elements? Why d-block and f block elements are called transition elements?
2.      What are typical and non-typical transition elements?
3.      What are general properties of transition elements?
4.      Why paramagnetism increases with the increase in unpaired electrons in transition elements?
5.      Why ferric ion shows strongest paramagnetism?
6.      Why transition elements usually show more than one oxidation states?
7.      Why most of transition metals ions shows coloured ions?
8.      What are interstitial compounds?
9.      What are alloys?
10.  What are co-ordination number and central metal atom?
11.  Define Ligands and coordination sphere.
12.  How the charge on coordination sphere can be calculated?
13.  What are chelates?
14.  Write the commercial form of Iron along with percentage of Carbon?
15.  Classification of steel?
16.  Write down classification of steel?
17.  Write down the types of Open Hearth process?
18.  What is corrosion? How does metallic coating prevent the corrosion?
19.  Why does damaged Tin plated iron gets rusted quickly?
20.  How does process of galvanizing protect iron from rusting? Or (sacrificial corrosion)
21.  Give two methods of preparation of K2Cr2O7 and K2CrO4?
22.  Why K2Cr2O7 and K2CrO4 shows similar properties?
23.  Write the structure of chromate and dichromate ions?
24.  write down reactions of K2Cr2O7 as oxidizing agent?
25.  Write down equation for chromyl chloride test?
26.  Explain Stadler’s process for the manufacturing of KMnO4?
27.  Explain the structure and properties of KMnO4 and uses?
28.  KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing agent support the statement with two chemical reaction.

Extensive Questions…
Write a note on Complex compounds.
Write the manufacturing of steel. (by open hearth process or by Bessemer’s Converter)
Write the manufacturing of Wrought Iron from Cast Iron.


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